Before looking at the different examples of programming functions, it is best to understand the purpose and definition of the function. A function is the means by which someone who uses a program can execute a code block which has two purposes: to finish a certain task and to return values. Although functions are expected to return a certain value, it is not always that values are returned.
A function is also considered as a procedure in some programming languages. On the other hand, functions are commonly known as any term that is being used in referring to names of code blocks. Take note that it is the C programming language which solely uses the keyword function. Functions accept restrictions, they also return values, and they are maintained on a separate location from the code of the primary program. The C language uses the main function as the point of entry to certain programs.
Functions can show up in a single or two locations. This is dependent on whether the function is single-line or multi-line. Having a single line function means a value is returned after the performances of work (in a single line) while the multi-line function is broadened over different lines.
Perhaps, the most common example of a programming function is a mathematical function. Log and tan are examples of mathematical functions. The other two known functions are string functions and date functions.
Simply defined, a programming function allows you to assign certain values where results can be calculated in a matter of seconds while saving yourself from the task of doing the computations manually.
On the declaration or calling of a function which has two or more parameters, the use of the comma is needed to separate the different parameters. One function declaration could resemble this:
function print_two_strings($var1, $var2)
{
echo $var1;
echo "\n";
echo $var2;
return NULL;
}
For these functions to be called, a value must be assigned to the parameters, hence:
Function call:
Print two strings (“hi”, “guys”);
The output should appear as:
hi guys
One other good way to have active parameters is the use of PHP’s integral functions such as func get args, func get arg, and func num args functions. These functions are able to calculate arithmetic means of any values that are placed onto them and output is derived. An example:
mean(35, 43, 3);
The output is then:
Mean: 27
A programming function is usually best when it returns some value or information. Functions do calculations, indeed, but it is also useful in indicating any errors that are encountered in any function. To return information from functions, you can use return () statement on the specified function.
An example of a script for PHP is the following:
<?php
function add_numbers($var1 = 0, $var2 = 0, $var3 = 0)
{
$var4 = $var1 + $var2 + $var3;
return $var4;
}
$sum = add_numbers(2,4,6)
echo @The result of 2+4+6 is {$sum}
?>
The result is:
The result of 2+4+6 is 12.
Take note that {} statement ended the course of the function. If multiple variables are to be returned, a group of variables should be returned, not a single variable: An example:
function maths ($input1, $input2) {
$total = ($input1 + $input2);
$difference = ($input1 - $input2);
$ret = array("tot"=>$total, "diff"=>$difference);
return $ret;
}
There are also ways of accessing functions without having to type a function name or {} syntax. This can be done in two ways: the call_user_func or the call_user_func_array. One complex example is the following:
$one = "One"; $two = "Two"; $three = "Three"; $callback_func = "my_function"; $result = call_user_func_array($callback_func,array($one,$two,$three)); echo $result;
These equations may show as a bunch of gibberish letters and numbers but these symbols actually account to make a certain task easier. And that, for us, is the most important thing.